Effect of Survivin Down-Regulation by Egr1-Survivin shRNA Combined with Radiotherapy on Radiosensitivity of Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma / Efecto de la Regulación Negativa de Survivina por shRNA de Egr1-Survivina Combinado con Radioterapia sobre la Radiosensibilidad del Carcinoma Escamoso de Esófago

SUMMARY: This study is to investigate the effect of survivin down-regulation by Egr1-survivin shRNA combined with radiotherapy on the apoptosis and radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. ECA109 and KYSE150 cells were transfected with Egr1-survivin shRNA, and then treated with radiotherapy. After 24 h, the mRNA and protein levels of Egr1-survivin were detected by qPCR and Western-Blot. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot also detected levels of cleavaged Caspase 3 and Caspase 9. YM155 was used as a positive control to inhibit survivin expression. The levels of survivin mRNA and protein in ECA109 and KYSE150 cells treated with Egr1-survivin shRNA combined with radiotherapy were significantly lower than those of the blank control group, the empty vector control group, and, the YM155 + radiotherapy group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, after survivin down-regulation, the ratio of G2 to S phase of ECA109 and KYSE150 cells increased significantly, leading to significant G2 and S phase arrest. Additionally, apoptosis of ECA109 and KYSE150 cells increased significantly (P <0.01). Further, protein levels of cleavaged Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 significantly increased in Egr1-survivin shRNA combined with radiotherapy group. Egr1-survivin shRNA combined with radiotherapy can down-regulate survivin expression, which further increases the apoptosis, and enhances the radiosensitivity of ECA109 and KYSE150 cells.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto de la regulación negativa de survivina por el shRNA de Egr1-survivina combinado con radioterapia sobre la apoptosis y la radiosensibilidad del carcinoma de células escamosas de esófago Células ECA109 y KYSE150. Las células ECA109 y KYSE150 se transfectaron con shRNA de survivina Egr1 y luego se trataron con radioterapia. Después de 24 h, los niveles de ARNm y proteína de Egr1-survivina se detectaron mediante qPCR y Western-Blot. El ciclo celular y la apoptosis se detectaron mediante citometría de flujo. La transferencia Western también detectó niveles de Caspasa 3 y Caspasa 9 escindidas. Se usó YM155 como control positivo para inhibir la expresión de survivina. Los niveles de ARNm y proteína de survivina en células ECA109 y KYSE150 tratadas con shRNA de survivina Egr1 combinado con radioterapia fueron significativamente más bajos que los del grupo control en blanco, el grupo control de vector vacío y el grupo de radioterapia YM155 + (P <0,05). Mientras tanto, después de la regulación negativa de survivina, la proporción entre las fases G2 y S de las células ECA109 y KYSE150 aumentó significativamente, lo que llevó a una detención significativa de las fases G2 y S. Además, la apoptosis de las células ECA109 y KYSE150 aumentó significativamente (P <0,01). Además, los niveles de proteína de Caspasa 3 y Caspasa 9 escindidas aumentaron significativamente en el shRNA de Egr1- survivina combinado con el grupo de radioterapia. El shRNA de survivina de Egr1 combinado con radioterapia puede regular negativamente la expresión de survivina, lo que aumenta aún más la apoptosis y mejora la radiosensibilidad de las células ECA109 y KYSE150.

Research progress on vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Membrane fusion is essential for all life activities of eukaryotes and the fusion process requires the interaction of different vesicular transporters,which are highly conserved in eukaryotes,to coordinate specifically and facilitate the fusion of different biofilms. Vesicle associated membrane protein 8(VAMP8)mainly locates in vesicular as well as lysosomal membranes,and plays a vital role in the fusion of many different biofilms. This paper focused on the molecular structure,transcriptional regulation,post-translational modification and biological function of VAMP8 as well as the research progress on its correlation with human diseases,so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of related diseases and the development of effective therapeutics targeting VAMP8.

Evaluation of an integrated teaching model of oral preclinical practice based on endodontic-restorative sequential treatment / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#Evaluate the effect of an integrated teaching model of oral preclinical practice based on endodontic-restorative sequential treatment to provide a reference for the exploration of the teaching mode of the stomatology specialty. @* Methods @#This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. The study was divided into 2 groups. There were 450 2018-grade and 2019-grade students in the discipline integration teaching method (DIT) group, and a preclinical practice course (root canal therapy and fixed prosthetic treatments were integrated into an endodontic-restorative sequential treatment) using the DIT method was applied. There were 443 2016-grade and 2017-grade students in the traditional teaching method (TT) group, and a TT preclinical practice course (root canal therapy and fixed prosthetic treatments training courses were taught separately) was applied. Both groups were taught by the same two teachers. The scores of clinical skills examination and treatment planning were compared between the two groups. In addition, students in the two groups were asked to complete the questionnaires about the teaching methods, and students in Group DIT and their teachers were asked to complete the questionnaires on their degree of satisfaction with the DIT method in the preclinical course. @*Results @# Students in the DIT group had an average score of 90.2 ± 4.16 in the practical skill evaluation, which was higher than that of the TT group (86.3±3.57) (P = 0.001). In the case analysis, 91.8% (413/450) of the students in the DIT group successfully planned the treatment, compared to a significantly lower rate in the TT group of 74.7% (331/443) (P = 0.001). The questionnaire results showed that recognition degrees of cultivated clinical thinking, improved indication analysis ability, improved operational skills, stimulated enthusiasm for learning, and improved autonomous learning were higher in the DIT group than in the TT group, and both teachers (2/2) and 98.4% (443/450) of students recognized the DIT method. @*Conclusions@#The DIT method significantly improved students’ learning quality and ability, proved effective in the endodontic-restorative sequential treatment practice course and was more acceptable to teachers and students. The DIT method is more effective than the TT method in improving students’ clinical thinking and operation ability.

Preparetion of anti-CD70 nanobody immunotoxin fused with PE38 and its killing effect on renal clear cell carcinoma 786-O cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：构建靶向CD70分子的重组免疫毒素，通过表达、纯化制备PE38与抗CD70纳米抗体重组蛋白，体外抗肿瘤实验探究重组蛋白是否对高表达CD70分子的阳性肿瘤细胞具有杀伤活性。方法：通过基因工程手段，将CD70纳米抗体Nb 2B3基因片段通过一个连接子与pET21a-PE38基因片段相连，获得重组表达载体pET21a-Nb 2B3-PE38并转入BL21（DE3）感受态细胞中进行表达、纯化与鉴定。用间接ELISA及FACS法检测Nb 2B3-PE38与CD70分子的结合活性，MTT法检测Nb 2B3-PE38对高表达CD70分子的肾透明细胞癌786-O细胞的体外杀伤活性，Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI双染法检测Nb 2B3-PE38对786-O细胞凋亡的影响。结果：成功构建抗CD70纳米抗体重组免疫毒素Nb 2B3-PE38，纯化获得纯度>90%的重组蛋白，SDS-PAGE及WB检测结果表明目的蛋白正确表达，分子量为56 000。纯化后的Nb 2B3-PE38能与重组CD70抗原及786-O细胞表面的CD70分子特异性结合；25 µg/mL Nb 2B3-PE38即对786-O细胞产生极显著的杀伤作用（P<0.001），并且促进786-O细胞的细胞凋亡（P<0.01），其杀伤效应强于阳性对照顺铂（P<0.01）。结论：成功制备了特异性靶向CD70分子的免疫毒素Nb 2B3-PE38，其能够有效杀伤786-O细胞并诱导细胞凋亡且效果强于顺铂。

Investigation of familial tendency of endometriosis / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To investigate the familial heritability of endometriosis and to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with or without a family history of endometriosis. Methods: From January 2020 to June 2022, 850 patients with endometriosis confirmed by laparotomy or laparoscopy in Peking University Third Hospital were included in this study. Clinical data were collected, family history was followed up, and the differences of clinical indicators between patients with and without family history of endometriosis were compared. Results: A total of 850 patients were enrolled, with an average age of (33.8±7.0) years old, 315 (37.1%, 315/850) patients in stage Ⅲ and 496 (58.4%, 496/850) patients in stage Ⅳ. There were 100 patients with family history of endometriosis, accounting for 11.8% (100/850). Most of the 113 relatives involved were mothers, daughters and sisters (76.1%, 86/113), 81.5% (22/27) of the second and third degree relatives were maternal relatives. The median ages of patients with and without family history of endometriosis were 30 and 33 years old respectively at the time of diagnosis. The unmarried rate of patients with family history was higher [42.0% (42/100) vs 26.3% (197/750)]. The percentage of dysmenorrhea patients with family history was higher [89.0% (89/100) vs 55.5% (416/750)]. The medians of dysmenorrhea score in patients with and without family history were 6 and 2, and the median durations of dysmenorrhea were 10 and 1 years. There were significant differences in age, marital status, percentage of dysmenorrhea, dysmenorrhea score and duration (all P<0.001). The median levels of serum cancer antigen (CA) 125 in patients with family history and patients without family history at the time of diagnosis were 57.5 and 46.9 kU/L respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in nationality, bady mass index, menarche age, menstrual cycle, menstrual period, menstrual volume, serum CA19-9 level, cyst location and size, stage, history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth, infertility, adenomyosis and deep infiltrating endometriosis (all P>0.05). By comparing the specific conditions of dysmenorrhea patients with and without family history of endometriosis, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the age of onset of dysmenorrhea, duration of dysmenorrhea, primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, and progressive aggravation of dysmenorrhea (all P>0.05). The difference in the degree of dysmenorrhea in dysmenorrhea patients with family history of endometriosis was significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of endometriosis has a familial tendency, and most of the involved relatives are the first degree relatives. Compared with patients without family history of endometriosis, endometriosis patients with family history are diagnosed at an earlier age, with higher percentage of dysmenorrhea, had more severe dysmenorrhea and higher serum CA125 level.

Association between latent classes of health risk behaviors and depressive symptoms among junior middle school students in Tianjin / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among junior middle school students in Tianjin, and to explore the association between latent classes of health risk behaviors and depressive symptoms, so as to provide clues for identifying high risk groups of depressive symptoms and a scientific basis for comprehensive intervention measures.@*Methods@#By using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method, 8 175 students in 16 districts of Tianjin were investigated with demographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and health risk behaviors. Latent class analysis was performed by Mplus 8.3. SPSS 23.0.@*Results@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms among junior high school students in Tianjin was 17.8%,the prevalence of depressive symptoms in urban(19.4%) areas was higher than that in rural areas(16.5%),and that of female students( 20.2 %) was higher than that of male students(15.5%)( χ 2=11.62,30.58, P <0.01). Health risk behaviors were classified into three groups: healthy group (84.0%), poor diet group ( 3.8 %) and multiple risk behaviors group (12.2%). After adjusting for region, grade, gender, and family type, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the poor diet group ( OR=2.82, 95%CI =2.17-3.66) and the multiple risk behaviors group ( OR=4.31, 95%CI =3.67-5.05) had a higher risk of depressive symptoms compared with the healthy group ( P ＜0.01).@*Conclusion@#Depressive symptoms are prevalent among junior middle school students in Tianjin. Different latent classes of health risk behaviors have different correlations with depressive symptoms. It is important to ensure early detection and personalized intervention for different types of health risk behavior among junior middle school students to maximize cost effectiveness.

Clinical relevance of miR-423-5p levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to examine changes in miRNAs expression profile of COPD patients. Methods: Thirty-six COPD patients as well as thirty-three healthy volunteers were recruited. Total RNAs were collected from the plasma of each participant. The differentially expressed miRNAs in COPD were screened from the GEO database. RT-qPCR was carried out to detect miRNA expression. Results: In total, 9 out of 55 miRNAs were expressed differentially in COPD patients. Confirmed by RT-qPCR validation, 6 miRNAs increased while 3 miRNAs decreased. Further analysis of miR-423-5p, which has not been reported in COPD, showed that AUC for the diagnosis of COPD was 0.9651, and miR-423-5p levels was inversely correlated with the duration of smoking. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that miR-423-5p is a potential marker for identifying COPD patients.

Host-schistosome interactions mediated by cross-species microRNA / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a serious major parasitic disease that threatens human life and health. A better understanding of the mechanism of host-schistosome interactions is the key to designing new prevention and control strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules, which lead to the degradation of the target messenger RNA (mRNA) or inhibition of its translation in a sequence-specific manner. Both schistosome and its host produce miRNAs, which can be secreted by extracellular vesicles (EVs). There is accumulating evidence that miRNAs from schistosome can be taken up by host cells, and finely manipulate the phenotype of host cells for their survival or pathogenesis in a cross-species manner, even inhibiting the growth and metastases of hepatoma cells. It is still unknown whether host free miRNAs can be taken up by schistosome, but this phenomenon is highly probable. miRNA-mediated cross-species regulation has emerged as a novel mechanism for host-schistosome interactions, and this review summarizes the advances in this regard.

Cumulative Meta analysis of the association between obesity and autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This study conducts a Meta analysis on the epidemiological studies of obesity and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in order to explore the relationship between autism spectrum disorder and obesity in children and adolescents, and to provide some guidance for improving the quality of daily life of children and adolescents with ASD.@*Methods@#PubMed and CNKI (January,2010-January,2022) were systematically searched for literature related to autism spectrum disorders reported the or value by Meta analysis, and compared the weight, BMI acquisition method.@*Results@#A total of 11 literatures were selected for analysis. The total sample included 336 830 participants, including 58 187 patients with ASD and 278 643 patients with normal development. Through Meta analysis, children and adolescents with ASD had a higher risk of obesity than normal people ( OR=1.80, 95%CI = 1.74 -1.86). when stratified by BMI acquisition, autistic patients with BMI obtained from objective measurement, medical records and parents reports had a higher risk of obesity than normal people, and the OR value (95% CI ) was 1.43(1.04-1.96),5.23( 4.44- 6.16),2.57(1.79-3.69). When stratified by age, children and adolescents with ASD aged 14 to 20 years had a higher risk of obesity than normal people. The OR value (95% CI ) was 2.19(1.21-3.94).@*Conclusion@#Compared with healthy peers, children and adolescents with ASD have a higher risk of obesity. ASD patients need guidance in diet and physical activity, especially in adolescence, to prevent obesity or diseases caused by obesity.

Association between parental feeding behavior and child anemia of Kazak preschool children in agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand parental feeding behavior and cognitive development among Kazak preschool children in agricultural and pastoral areas in Xinjiang, and to provide reference for anemia prevention in preschool children in this area.@*Methods@#In May 2019, a total of 1 846 Kazak preschool children were selected from the agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang by stratified cluster sampling method, and parental feeding behavior and child anemia status were assessed.@*Results@#The detection rate of anemia in Kazak preschool children in agricultural and pastoral areas in Xinjiang was 49.19%, and the detection rates of mild and moderate anemia were 29.52% and 19.66%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of anemia in preschool children in terms of age, father s education, mother s education, and family per capita income ( χ 2= 162.06 , 8.17, 16.86, 11.14, P <0.05); There were statistically significant differences in the types of complementary food, nutritional anemia, breastfeeding time, and whether or not to force feeding ( χ 2=6.33, 8.91, 4.06, 21.55, P ＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that parents unclear about the type of complementary food ( OR=1.36, 95%CI =1.09-1.68), nutritional anemia ( OR=1.38, 95%CI =1.08-1.77), feeding time less than 24 months or unawareness ( OR=1.46, 95%CI =1.01-2.11) and forced feeding ( OR=1.42, 95%CI =1.13-1.78) were positively correlated with the detection rate of anemia in preschool children ( P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Kazak preschool children in agricultural and pastoral areas in Xinjiang have severe anemia. There is a relationship between parental feeding behavior and children s anemia, which warrants further efforts to improve preschool children s anemia.

Llamado a la acción de San Pablo para la prevención y el control de la hipertensión arterial, 2020 / São Paulo call to action for the prevention and control of high blood pressure: 2020 / Chamado à ação de São Paulo para prevenção e controle da hipertensão arterial, 2020

RESUMEN Cerca de una cuarta parte de los adultos tienen hipertensión, el principal factor de riesgo de muerte (inclusive la causada por cardiopatía y accidente cerebrovascular). Existen políticas eficaces que podrían ayudar a las personas a elegir opciones saludables para prevenir el aumento de la presión arterial; si se las aplicara plenamente, se podría evitar en gran medida el desarrollo de hipertensión. La hipertensión es fácil de detectar y tratar, PERO solo alrededor de 50% de los adultos que presentan dicha afección son conscientes de su situación y solamente 1 de cada 7 de ellos recibe el tratamiento adecuado. La prevención y el control de la hipertensión es el mecanismo principal para prevenir y controlar las enfermedades no transmisibles y un modelo para evitar otros riesgos de presentar dichas enfermedades. La adopción de un modo de vida saludable y el tratamiento farmacológico efectivo podrían prevenir y controlar la hipertensión en la mayoría de las personas si se implementaran de manera sistemática en la población; en todos los entornos es posible aplicar intervenciones sencillas, que pueden usarse para mejorar la atención primaria. Es urgente adoptar medidas sostenidas para introducir cambios eficaces en las políticas públicas y los sistemas de salud pública con miras a prevenir y controlar la hipertensión.

ABSTRACT About 1/4th of adults have high blood pressure which is the single most important risk for death (including heart disease and stroke). There are effective policies that could facilitate people making healthy choices to prevent raised blood pressure, and if fully implemented, could largely prevent hypertension from occurring. Hypertension is easy to screen and treat for BUT only about 50% of adults with hypertension are aware of their condition and only about 1 in 7 is adequately treated. Preventing and controlling high blood pressure is the major mechanism for NCD prevention and control and a model for other NCD risks. Effective lifestyle and drug treatments could prevent and control hypertension in most individuals if systematically applied to the population, simple interventions are feasible in all settings, and can be used to enhance primary care. Urgent sustained action is needed is needed for effective public policies and health system changes to prevent and control hypertension.

RESUMO Cerca de » dos adultos têm hipertensão arterial, que é o fator de risco isolado mais importante para morte (incluídas as mortes por cardiopatia e acidente vascular cerebral). Existem políticas eficazes que poderiam facilitar escolhas pessoais saudáveis para evitar a elevação da pressão arterial e, se plenamente implementadas, podem prevenir a ocorrência da hipertensão arterial. É fácil rastrear e tratar a hipertensão, MAS somente cerca de 50% dos adultos hipertensos estão cientes de sua condição, e apenas cerca de 1 em cada 7 é tratado adequadamente. A prevenção e controle da hipertensão é o principal mecanismo de prevenção e controle das doenças não transmissíveis e um modelo para outros riscos de doenças não transmissíveis. Tratamentos eficazes com mudanças de estilo de vida e medicamentos poderiam prevenir e controlar a hipertensão arterial na maioria das pessoas se aplicados sistematicamente à população; as intervenções simples são viáveis em todos os ambientes e podem melhorar a atenção primária. É necessária a ação continuada e urgente a fim de obter mudanças efetivas nas políticas públicas e no sistema de saúde para prevenir e controlar a hipertensão arterial.

Dietary intake and nutritional status of children with autism spectrum disorders in Tianjin / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the dietary nutrient intake and nutritional status of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD), and provide evidence for developing scientific and effective nutrition intervention measures for children with ASD.@*Methods@#Nutrient intake of 90 children with ASD were investigated by using 3 day 24 hour dietary survey, and the anthropological indexes were measured.@*Results@#Among the 90 ASD children aged 3-9, 31 of them were overweight and obese, accounting for 34.4%, three children were underweight, accounting for 3.3%, and one child was stunted, accounting for 1.1%. Dietary intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin D, vitamin B 6, folic acid, calcium and iodine in all age groups of ASD children were insufficient, but the dietary intakes of copper, phosphorus and zinc exceeded the recommended intake level. More than 10% of the ASD children consume copper and magnesium more than the tolerable upper intake level. There were significant differences in the dietary intake of energy, fat and vitamin A among normal, overweight, obese and thin ASD children( χ 2=9.24, 10.03, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Overweight and obesity, as well as the combination of insufficient and excessive nutrition in children with ASD is common. Personalized dietary nutrition intervention towards ASD children should be developed and implemented.

Relationship between classroom lighting and poor vision of students in primary and secondary schools in Tianjin / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between classroom lighting and poor vision of students in primary and secondary schools in Tianjin, and to provide reference for targeted prevention measures for comprehensive school eye health programmes.@*Methods@#A total of 623 classrooms and 24 713 students in 89 primary and secondary schools in Tianjin were selected using stratified cluster sampling method in Sep.to Oct. of 2020. The illuminometer was used to monitor the lighting environment of the classroom, and the standard logarithmic vision light box was used to detect the naked eye vision of students. Chisquare test, variance analysis and binary Logistic regression were used in SPSS software.@*Results@#Rate of low vision among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin was 67.86%. The qualification rate of blackboard reflectance, blackboard average illumination, blackboard illumination uniformity, desk average illumination and desk illumination uniformity were 58.11%, 53.13%, 73.19%, 66.61% and 75.12%, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that the blackboard reflectance, blackboard average illumination, desk average illumination, and desk illumination uniformity were associated with low vision among students(χ 2=311.29, 62.54, 61.71, 6.59, P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that blackboard reflectance, average illumination of blackboard and desk were associated with higher risk of poor vision[OR(95%CI)=1.19(1.11-1.27),1.27(1.17-1.37),1.11(1.02-1.20), P<0.05].@*Conclusion@#Prevalence of low vision among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin is relatively high. Blackboard reflectance, average illumination of blackboard and desk are the important determinants for poor vision of primary and secondary school students. Creating effective classroom lighting scheme is crucial for vision health among students.

Left visual field superiority of children with autism spectrum disorder / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the impairments of the left visual field (LVF) superiority among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), for further understanding of the attentional mechanism of social disturbance in ASD.@*Methods@#The mixed design for repeated measured data was used. The case group was consisted of 105 ASD children enrolled from the rehabilitation agencies in Tianjin from Sept. 2016 to Dec. 2019; and 105 typically developed children were enrolled from Tianjin as the control group by matching the chronological age and gender distribution. The preferential looking paradigm was used to explore the LVF superiority by eye tracking system. Fixation count (FC), total fixation duration (TFD) and the proportion of left hemiface were analyzed by the Mixed design ANOVA, in which the main effect of "group", visual field (left vs. right) and gender of the faces was evaluated in addition to the interactions.@*Results@#All the participants in both the ASD group and TD group completed the experiments. For the whole face in LVF or RVF, the main effect of group showed the statistical significance on both FC and TFD [FC： F (1，206) =26.27, P <0.01; TFD： F (1，206) =51.23, P <0.01]. The interaction of group×visual field on FC also was statistically significant [ F (1，206) =4.619， P =0.03], and the case group showed the difference between LVF and RVF (0.33±0.02，0.54±0.03， P < 0.01 ) by further simple effect analysis, none of the rest was statistically significant. Both the left hemiface of FC & TFD showed the main effect of group [FC： F (1，206) =13.77， P ＜0.01；TFD： F (1，206) =12.89， P ＜0.01] and interaction of group×visual field [FC： F (1，206) = 36.99， P ＜0.01；TFD： F (1，206) =38.62， P ＜0.01), similarly, there was higher left hemiface proportion of both FC & TFD in RVF than that in LVF (FC：0.36±0.03，0.56±0.03， P <0.01; TFD：0.36±0.03，0.57±0.03， P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#LVF superiority is not presented among children with ASD in this study, while the fixation in RVF remained relatively unaffected. The finding indicates the involvement of the fusiform face area of right hemisphere in the pathogenesis of ASD in addition to the weak central coherence account.

Llamado a la acción de San Pablo para la prevención y el control de la hipertensión arterial, 2020 / São Paulo call to action for the prevention and control of high blood pressure: 2020 / Chamado à ação de São Paulo para prevenção e controle da hipertensão arterial, 2020

RESUMEN Cerca de una cuarta parte de los adultos tienen hipertensión, el principal factor de riesgo de muerte (inclusive la causada por cardiopatía y accidente cerebrovascular). Existen políticas eficaces que podrían ayudar a las personas a elegir opciones saludables para prevenir el aumento de la presión arterial; si se las aplicara plenamente, se podría evitar en gran medida el desarrollo de hipertensión. La hipertensión es fácil de detectar y tratar, PERO solo alrededor de 50% de los adultos que presentan dicha afección son conscientes de su situación y solamente 1 de cada 7 de ellos recibe el tratamiento adecuado. La prevención y el control de la hipertensión es el mecanismo principal para prevenir y controlar las enfermedades no transmisibles y un modelo para evitar otros riesgos de presentar dichas enfermedades. La adopción de un modo de vida saludable y el tratamiento farmacológico efectivo podrían prevenir y controlar la hipertensión en la mayoría de las personas si se implementaran de manera sistemática en la población; en todos los entornos es posible aplicar intervenciones sencillas, que pueden usarse para mejorar la atención primaria. Es urgente adoptar medidas sostenidas para introducir cambios eficaces en las políticas públicas y los sistemas de salud pública con miras a prevenir y controlar la hipertensión.

ABSTRACT About 1/4th of adults have high blood pressure which is the single most important risk for death (including heart disease and stroke). There are effective policies that could facilitate people making healthy choices to prevent raised blood pressure, and if fully implemented, could largely prevent hypertension from occurring. Hypertension is easy to screen and treat for BUT only about 50% of adults with hypertension are aware of their condition and only about 1 in 7 is adequately treated. Preventing and controlling high blood pressure is the major mechanism for NCD prevention and control and a model for other NCD risks. Effective lifestyle and drug treatments could prevent and control hypertension in most individuals if systematically applied to the population, simple interventions are feasible in all settings, and can be used to enhance primary care. Urgent sustained action is needed is needed for effective public policies and health system changes to prevent and control hypertension.

RESUMO Cerca de » dos adultos têm hipertensão arterial, que é o fator de risco isolado mais importante para morte (incluídas as mortes por cardiopatia e acidente vascular cerebral). Existem políticas eficazes que poderiam facilitar escolhas pessoais saudáveis para evitar a elevação da pressão arterial e, se plenamente implementadas, podem prevenir a ocorrência da hipertensão arterial. É fácil rastrear e tratar a hipertensão, MAS somente cerca de 50% dos adultos hipertensos estão cientes de sua condição, e apenas cerca de 1 em cada 7 é tratado adequadamente. A prevenção e controle da hipertensão é o principal mecanismo de prevenção e controle das doenças não transmissíveis e um modelo para outros riscos de doenças não transmissíveis. Tratamentos eficazes com mudanças de estilo de vida e medicamentos poderiam prevenir e controlar a hipertensão arterial na maioria das pessoas se aplicados sistematicamente à população; as intervenções simples são viáveis em todos os ambientes e podem melhorar a atenção primária. É necessária a ação continuada e urgente a fim de obter mudanças efetivas nas políticas públicas e no sistema de saúde para prevenir e controlar a hipertensão arterial.

Enriched environment alleviates post-stroke cognitive impairment through enhancing α7-nAChR expression in rats / Ambiente enriquecido alivia o comprometimento cognitivo pós-AVC em ratos por meio do aumento da expressão de α7-nAChR

ABSTRACT Background: Enriched environment (EE) is a simple and effective intervention to improve cognitive function in post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), partly due to the rebalancing of the cholinergic signaling pathway in the hippocampus. α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is a cholinergic receptor whose activation inhibits inflammation and promotes the recovery of neurological function in PSCI patients. However, it is still unclear whether EE can regulate α7-nAChR and activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) in PSCI. Objective: To investigate the effects of EE on cognitive impairment, and the role of α7-nAChR in PSCI. Methods: A PSCI rat model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) and were reared in standard environment (SE) or EE for 28d, control group with sham surgery. Cognitive function was determined by Morris water maze test. The long-term potentiation (LTP) was assessed by Electrophysiology. Histopathological methods were used to determine infarct volume, α7-nAChR expression and the cytokines and cholinergic proteins expression. Results: Compared with SE group, rats in EE group had better cognitive function, higher expression of α7-nAChR positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 region. In addition, EE attenuated unfavorable changes induced by MCAO/R in cytokines and cholinergic proteins, and also enhanced LTP promoted by nicotine and attenuated by α-BGT; but showed no significantly difference in infarct volume. Conclusions: EE markedly improves cognitive impairment and enhances neuroplasticity in PSCI rats, which may be closely related to enhancement of α7-nAChR expression.

RESUMO Introdução: O ambiente enriquecido (AE) é uma intervenção simples e eficaz para melhorar a função cognitiva no comprometimento cognitivo pós-AVC, em parte devido ao reequilíbrio da via de sinalização colinérgica no hipocampo. O receptor nicotínico α7 de acetilcolina (α7-nAChR) é um receptor colinérgico cuja ativação inibe inflamação e promove a recuperação da função neurológica em pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo pós-AVC. No entanto, ainda não está claro se o AE pode regular α7-nAChR e ativar a via anti-inflamatória colinérgica (VAC) em comprometimento cognitivo pós-AVC. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do AE no comprometimento cognitivo e o papel do α7-nAChR no comprometimento cognitivo pós-AVC. Métodos: Modelo de comprometimento cognitivo pós-AVC foi induzido em ratos por oclusão e reperfusão da artéria cerebral média (MCAO/R), que foram criados em ambiente padrão (AP) ou em AE por 28d; grupo controle com cirurgia simulada. A função cognitiva foi determinada pelo teste do labirinto aquático de Morris. A potenciação de longo prazo (PLP) foi avaliada por eletrofisiologia. Métodos histopatológicos foram usados para determinar o volume do infarto, a expressão de α7-nAChR e a expressão de citocinas e proteínas colinérgicas. Resultados: Em comparação com o grupo AP, os ratos do grupo AE tiveram melhor função cognitiva, com maior expressão de neurônios positivos para α7-nAChR na região CA1 do hipocampo. Além disso, o AE atenuou alterações desfavoráveis induzidas por MCAO/R em citocinas e proteínas colinérgicas, e também aumentou a PLP promovida pela nicotina e atenuada por α-BGT, mas não mostrou nenhuma diferença significativa no volume do infarto. Conclusão: O AE melhora acentuadamente o comprometimento cognitivo e aumenta a neuroplasticidade em ratos com comprometimento cognitivo pós-AVC, o que pode estar intimamente relacionado ao aumento da expressão de α7-nAChR.

High-throughput sequencing reveals the molecular mechanisms determining the stay-green characteristic in soybeans

Senescence is an internally systematized degeneration process leading to death in plants. Leaf yellowing, oneof the most prominent features of plant aging may lead to reduced crop yields. The molecular mechanism ofresponses to senescence in soybean leaves is not completely clear. In our research, two soybean varieties wereselected with different stay-green traits: stay-green variety (BN106) and non-stay-green variety (KF14). RNAsamples extracted from the leaves of two varieties were sequenced and compared using high-throughputsequencing. Six key enzyme genes in chlorophyll degradation pathways were studied to analyze the changes intheir expression at seedling, flowering and maturation stage. Meanwhile, the construction of the genetictransformation process had been constructed to identify the function of putative gene by RNA-interference. Atotal of 4329 DEGs were involved in 52 functional groups and 254 KEGG pathways. Twelve genes encodingsenescence-associated and inducible chloroplast stay-green protein showed significant differential expression.MDCase and PAO have a significant expression in BN106 that may be the key factors affecting the maintenance of green characteristics. In addition, the function of GmSGRs has been identified by genetic transformation. The loss of GmSGRs may cause soybean seeds to change from yellow to green. In summary, ourresults revealed fundamental information about the molecular mechanism of aging in soybeans with differentstay-green characteristics. The work of genetic transformation lays a foundation for putative gene functionstudies that could contribute to postpone aging in soybeans

Downregulation of hsa_circ_0000936 sensitizes resistant glioma cells to temozolomide by sponging miR-1294

Glioma is one of the most aggressive forms of brain tumor and is hallmarked by high rate of mortality,metastasis and drug resistance. Herein, we explore the role of circular RNA (circRNA) hsa_circ_0000936 inthe resistance of glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ). In this study, Relative changes in gene expression levelswere compared using qRT-PCR. The role of hsa_circ_0000936 was characterized by cell count kit -8 assay andflow cytometry. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out for target validation.We found that hsa_circ_0000936was upregulated in glioma tissues as compared to their adjacent normal tissues. Increased expression ofhsa_circ_0000936 was found in the glioma tissues of patients showing resistance to TMZ compared with thatof patients showing sensitivity to TMZ. The upregulation of hsa_circ_0000936 was also confirmed in TMZresistant glioma cells. miR-1294 was downregulated in TMZ-resistant glioma cells and identified as a directtarget of hsa_circ_0000936. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0000936 increased the sensitivity of TMZ-resistantglioma cells towards TMZ. Moreover, restoration of miR-1294 could abrogate the promoting effect ofhsa_circ_0000936 on TMZ resistance in TMZ-resistant glioma cells. In conclusion, downregulation ofhsa_circ_0000936 sensitizes TMZ-resistant glioma cells to TMZ by sponging miR-1294, suggesting thathsa_circ_0000936 may be a potential target for overcoming the resistance of glioma cells to TMZ.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus surgical aortic valve replacement for treatment of severe aortic stenosis: comparison of results from randomized controlled trials and real-world data

Abstract Objective: Results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world study (RWS) appear to be discordant. We aimed to investigate whether data derived from RCTs and RWS evaluating long-term all-cause mortality of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) versus surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) were in agreement. Methods: RCTs or RWS comparing TAVI and SAVR, reporting longterm (≥2-year follow-up) all-cause mortality, were identified. We also carried out subgroup analyses to access the effect in different subgroups. A pre-designated data extraction form including 5 domains and 26 items was used to explore the relationship between RCTs and RWS. Mortality and effect in different subgroups were evaluated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Five RCTs (5421 participants, TAVI: 2759, SAVR: 2662) and 33 RWS (20839 participants; TAVI: 6585, SAVR: 14254) were identified. Pooled RCT analysis showed no difference in all-cause mortality between TAVI and SAVR (HR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.88-1.07; P=0.55). In RWS, TAVI was associated with an increased risk of allcause mortality (HR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.26-1.69; P<0.001) compared to SAVR. Conclusion: These results highlight the inconsistencies between RCTs and RWS in assessing long-term all-cause mortality in the treatment of AS using TAVI or SAVR, which may be caused by interactions of clinical characteristics or study design. RCTs as well as RWS are both developing and improving; the advantages of one kind of design, measurement and evaluation can and should be thoughtfully referred to the other.

Upper urinary tract stone compositions: the role of age and gender

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the compositions of upper urinary tract stones and investigate their distributions in different gender and age groups. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with upper urinary tract stone disease between December 2014 and March 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient's age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, stone event characteristics, and compositions were collected, and proportions of stone components in different gender and age groups were analyzed. Results: A total of 1532 stone analyses were performed (992 from males and 540 from females). The mean age was younger in males (p <0.001). Males included more cases with larger BMI, hyperuricemia, and obesity, while females had more urinary tract infections. Multiple components were present in 61.8% of stones. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) (67.0%) was the most common component, followed by uric acid (UA) (11.8%), infection stone (11.4%), calcium phosphate (CaP) (8.0%), cystine (1.1%), brushite (0.4%), and 2, 8-dihydroxyadenine (0.2%). Men contributed with more CaOx stones than women at age 30-49 years (all p <0.01) and more UA stones at 30-59 years (all p <0.05). Women contributed with more infection stones than men in age groups 30-49 and 60-69 years (all p <0.05), and more CaP stones at 30-49 years. The prevalence peak was 50-59 years in men and 60-69 years in women. Both genders had the lowest prevalence in adolescence. Prevalence of UA stones increased while that of infection stones decreased with aging in both genders. Conclusions: Age and sex had a strong association with distribution of stone compositions in this Chinese cohort.